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Although World War II did not take place on U.S. soil, Americans still feared that the Japanese or Germans might launch an attack on our country from air or sea. In an effort to protect against attacks, as well as stem fears and promote patriotism, the U.S. Office of Civil Defense created programs that included air raid drills and nightly blackouts. Government Poster (1939) The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) was originally established under the President as part of the Office